Think you know everything you need to know about tetanus and tetanus shots to make an informed decision about getting vaccinated?
Unfortunately, there is a lot of misinformation out there about tetanus that can scare you away from getting a tetanus shot or make you think that you don’t really need one.
You can only get tetanus from a rusty nail. (False)
Tetanus is caused by the Clostridium tetani bacteria.
Unlike most other vaccine-preventive diseases, tetanus is not contagious. Instead, you can get tetanus after being exposed to tetanus spores in dust, soil, and feces, which then grow and make a powerful neurotoxin. Tetanus spores can even be found in the mouth of many animals.
So why does everyone associate tetanus with rusty nails?
We likely think that an old, rusty nail is more likely to be contaminated with tetanus spores simply because it has been outside for a long time. Especially as compared to a brand new one that you just took out of a box.
But tetanus is not just about nails.
You can get tetanus after a cat or dog bite, a burn, frostbite, a tractor falling on your leg (crush injury), or falling into a rose bush (puncture wounds from thorns), etc. Almost anything that can cause a non-superficial wound can cause tetanus, especially if the wound is contaminated with dirt, feces, or saliva.
A tetanus shot won’t help after you have already been cut, stabbed, or bitten. (False)
The reason we give the shot is because the tetanus spores take time to germinate.
We are not worried about tetanus bacteria being on a rusty nail, cat teeth, rose bush, or on your very dirty hands through which a clean knife went through.
It’s the tetanus spores on those things and everywhere else, because they are in dirt and dust. And then, after the spores germinate inside a wound, the C. tetani bacteria have to start producing the exotoxin that acts as a neurotoxin, which causes the symptoms of tetanus.
The tetanus vaccine is against this exotoxin.
Unfortunately, it only takes a very small amount of tetanus toxin to cause tetanus. That’s why you don’t get natural immunity after being exposed to tetanus, but you do after getting the vaccine. It would only take about 60 nanograms of tetanus toxin to kill a small child.
Once the spores germinate, start producing exotoxin, and the exotoxin finally reaches your nervous system, that’s when you will start having tetanus symptoms.
Still, if you are completely unvaccinated and are exposed to tetanus, you would get tetanus immune globulin (TIG) as part of your post-exposure prophylaxis, in addition to a tetanus shot.
If a puncture wound bleeds a lot, then you don’t need to get a tetanus shot. (False)
You don’t need to get a tetanus shot if you have a clean, minor wound and:
- you have completed a primary tetanus series (a minimum of 3 tetanus containing vaccines), and
- your most recent dose of tetanus vaccine was within the past 10 years
For most other wounds, including dirty wounds, animal bites, and puncture wounds, etc., you likely don’t need a tetanus shot if you have completed a primary tetanus series, and your most recent dose of tetanus vaccine was within the past 5 years.
In addition to a dose of tetanus vaccine, if has been less than 5 years since their last dose or they are unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated, then they might also need to get tetanus immune globulin (TIG).
How much the wound bleeds has nothing to do with whether or not you need a tetanus shot. After all, a bleeding wound is not going to flush out all of the tetanus spores that might have contaminated your wound, or at least you have no guarantee that it did. What if the bleeding was more superficial and there was a deeper puncture wound that you couldn’t see?
This idea likely comes from the fact that tetanus is an anaerobic bacteria, meaning that it can’t survive around oxygen.
Tetanus is a mild disease. (False)
Tetanus, which people commonly think of as “lockjaw” is hardly a mild disease.
According to the CDC, “Even with modern intensive care, generalized tetanus is associated with death rates of 10% to 20%.”
And tetanus will always be a problem – if you aren’t vaccinated.
Since tetanus isn’t contagious and the tetanus spores are in the dirt and dust around us, you can’t rely on the folks around you to get vaccinated and “hide in the herd” for this vaccine-preventable disease.
Some recent cases highlight this myth:
- an unvaccinated 7-year-old in Australia who contracted tetanus through an open wound in her foot while playing in her family’s garden. She was in critical condition, remained in the ICU for a few weeks despite quick treatment, and will likely face months, if not years of rehab after being released. (2017)
- an unvaccinated women who developed obstetric tetanus
- an unvaccinated 6-year-old in Canada who developed tetanus symptoms 10 days after stepping on a nail (2015)
- unvaccinated children in parts of the world where vaccines are not longer available, like Ukraine
- an unvaccinated 7-year-old in New Zealand who developed tetanus after cutting his foot and was hospitalized for almost a month (2013)
Worldwide, there are still about 49,000 deaths a year from neonatal tetanus and 14,500 deaths in children and adults. The incidence of tetanus has dropped tremendously since 1980 though, as more and more people get vaccinated throughout the world.
There are easy, non-toxic ways to prevent tetanus.
This one is actually true, it’s called a tetanus vaccine.
It replaced the previous treatment for tetanus, giving folks tetanus antitoxin, a treatment which began in the late 19th century. The first tetanus vaccine followed soon after, in the early 1920’s. It became more widely used during World War II.
“I myself suffered a fairly severe and deep cut on my ankle from a freak accident a few years ago but the thought of getting a tetanus shot for the injury never even crossed my mind. I simply soaked my foot and ankle in warm salt water a couple of times a day for about a week to ensure that it stayed clean and contamination free.
The injury healed up nicely and I never exposed myself to the toxins and lingering health problems that can and do result from a tetanus shot.”
The Healthy Home Economist
Of course, when anti-vaccine folks talk about ‘non-toxic’ ways, they mean holistic type treatments without vaccines or other standard medical treatments.
When they tell you to clean the wound and take “extra cod liver oil, natural vitamin C, lacto-fermented foods and plenty of bone broths,” they are basically saying to hope that you are lucky and you don’t get tetanus.
Not only is the tetanus vaccine not toxic, but it helps fight the toxin that tetanus bacteria could produce in a contaminated wound.
What about hydrogen peroxide or colloidal silver? Like simple cleaning, with a deep puncture wound, none of those things will likely get to the ‘bottom’ of the wound. If you have even seen a puncture wound, like when a child steps on a nail, there is not much to clean. The wound typically closes up as the nail or other object exits the skin. Even with other wounds, unless you surgically open and irrigate the wound, you likely won’t clean it well enough to get all of the spores out if they are there.
What to Know About Tetanus and Tetanus Shots
Keeping up-to-date on your tetanus vaccines, which might mean an early shot if you have a dirty wound, is the only way to avoid serious and potentially life-threatening tetanus infections.
More About Tetanus and Tetanus Shots
- Summary Guide to Tetanus Prophylaxis in Routine Wound Management
- Questions about Tetanus and Wound Management
- Tetanus – Unprotected People Reports
- Another Child Suffers From the Effects of Anti-Vaccine Propaganda…and Tetanus
- Tetanus Vaccines Encourage Walking on Rusty Nails
- Tetanus Photos
- Graphs that show vaccines didn’t work
- WHO – Tetanus
- ACIP – Tdap / Td Vaccine Recommendations
- Why Does This Immunologist Reject Vaccinations?
- CDC – Tetanus Vaccine
- CDC – Tetanus Surveillance — United States, 2001–2008
- CDC – Tetanus Surveillance — United States, 1991-1994
- CDC – Tetanus in a Child with Improper Medical Exemption from Immunization — Florida
- Generalized tetanus in a 4-year old boy presenting with dysphagia and trismus: a case report
Last Updated on March 7, 2019